Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Endoxan, Procytox)
Other Medications · Approved since 1959
Description
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating chemotherapy agent that serves as a lymphodepleting medication in adoptive cell therapy protocols for metastatic colorectal cancer. It is primarily used in CRC as part of preparative regimens before infusion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or genetically modified T-cells targeting specific mutations like KRAS G12D. In colorectal cancer treatment, cyclophosphamide creates an immunologically favorable environment by eliminating regulatory T-cells and other immunosuppressive cells, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of subsequent cellular immunotherapies.
Mechanism of Action
Cyclophosphamide forms DNA cross-links through its active metabolites phosphoramide mustard and acrolein, which bind to DNA and prevent cell division, particularly affecting rapidly dividing cells. In the context of adoptive cell therapy for CRC, its primary therapeutic role is lymphodepletion - selectively reducing host lymphocytes, especially regulatory T-cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells that would otherwise inhibit infused therapeutic cells. This lymphodepleting effect creates space for adoptively transferred cells and reduces immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment.
Side Effects
Not all side effects are listed. Side effects vary by individual. Always consult your oncologist.
Clinical Trials
Quick Info
| Brand Name | Cytoxan, Endoxan, Procytox |
| Category | Other Medications |
 Status | FDA Approved |
 EMA Status | EMA Approved |
 Spain Access | Hospital use other indication |
| Administration | IV, Oral |
| Year Approved | 1959 |
| Clinical Trials | 49 |
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Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare team before making treatment decisions.