Drug glossary Drug

Cyclophosphamid Cytoxan, Endoxan, Neosar

A drug being studied in colorectal cancer trials. It appears in 1 clinical trial.

Intravenous, Oral
See its trials
United States FDA approved Since 1959
European Union No data
Spain No data

What it is

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating chemotherapy agent that serves as a lymphodepleting medication in adoptive cell therapy protocols for metastatic colorectal cancer. In CRC treatment, it is primarily used as part of conditioning regimens before tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy or engineered T-cell therapies targeting KRAS mutations. The drug creates an immunosuppressive environment that enhances the engraftment and expansion of infused therapeutic immune cells in patients with treatment-refractory metastatic disease.

How it works

Cyclophosphamide cross-links DNA strands through its active metabolites, phosphoramide mustard and acrolein, leading to cell death particularly in rapidly dividing cells. In the context of adoptive immunotherapy, it preferentially depletes regulatory T-cells and other immunosuppressive cells, creating space and reducing competition for homeostatic cytokines like IL-7 and IL-15 that support therapeutic T-cell expansion.

Common side effects

Bone marrow suppressionNausea and vomitingAlopeciaHemorrhagic cystitisFatigueIncreased infection riskSterilitySecondary malignancies

Not all are listed, and everyone experiences them differently. If you notice any, tell your care team.