Methotrexate (Trexall, Rheumatrex, Otrexup, Rasuvo)
Other Medications · Approved since 1953
FDA Approved
EMA Approved
Hospital use other indication
IV, Oral, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous
4 Clinical Trials
Description
Methotrexate is a folate antimetabolite chemotherapy agent that belongs to the antifolate class of cytotoxic drugs. In colorectal cancer treatment, it is primarily used in combination regimens for metastatic disease, particularly in patients with mismatch repair deficiencies such as MSH2 mutations. The drug is also employed in low-dose metronomic protocols where continuous low-dose administration aims to provide anti-angiogenic effects alongside cytotoxic activity.
Mechanism of Action
Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, the enzyme responsible for converting dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, which is essential for DNA synthesis and cellular replication. This inhibition depletes the intracellular folate pool, leading to impaired thymidine and purine synthesis, ultimately resulting in cell cycle arrest in S-phase and apoptosis. In metronomic dosing schedules, methotrexate also exhibits anti-angiogenic properties by affecting endothelial cell proliferation.
Molecular Targets
Side Effects
Not all side effects are listed. Side effects vary by individual. Always consult your oncologist.
Clinical Trials
Quick Info
| Brand Name | Trexall, Rheumatrex, Otrexup, Rasuvo |
| Category | Other Medications |
| Status | FDA Approved |
| EMA Status | EMA Approved |
| Spain Access | Hospital use other indication |
| Administration | IV, Oral, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous |
| Year Approved | 1953 |
| Clinical Trials | 4 |
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Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare team before making treatment decisions.