Nivolumab (Opdivo)
Immunotherapy · Approved since 2014
Description
Nivolumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the PD-1 immune checkpoint receptor, approved for treating microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed after fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. It is specifically indicated for CRC tumors with high microsatellite instability, as these tumors have increased neoantigen burden making them more responsive to immune checkpoint blockade. The drug is also being combined with ipilimumab in patients with anti-PD-1 resistant dMMR/MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer and evaluated in neoadjuvant settings for early-stage colon cancer.
Mechanism of Action
Nivolumab binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on activated T cells, blocking the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. This prevents the PD-1 pathway-mediated inhibition of T-cell activation and proliferation, allowing the immune system to mount an effective anti-tumor response. By removing this immune checkpoint brake, cytotoxic T lymphocytes can recognize and eliminate cancer cells more effectively.
Molecular Targets
Side Effects
Not all side effects are listed. Side effects vary by individual. Always consult your oncologist.
Clinical Trials
Quick Info
| Brand Name | Opdivo |
| Category | Immunotherapy |
 Status | FDA Approved |
 EMA Status | EMA Approved |
 Spain Access | Hospital use approved in CRC |
| Administration | IV |
| Year Approved | 2014 |
| Clinical Trials | 106 |
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Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare team before making treatment decisions.